Section I: Objective-response questions Question 1

Answer: 400 new cases per 100,000 people

Incidence counts new cases during a stated period. (320 / 80,000) × 100,000 gives 400 new cases per 100,000 people; the other alternatives change the numerator, denominator or outcome.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 2

Answer: Prevalence of 6.0%

Prevalence describes all existing cases at a point or over a period. (4800 / 80,000) × 100 is 6.0%; incidence would require only new cases.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 3

Answer: Australia's reported life expectancy was 1.9 years above the OECD average, but the aggregate comparison does not show that every Australian group had the same outcome.

The arithmetic difference is 1.9 years. National averages support a country-level comparison but can conceal variation within Australia and cannot by themselves establish one cause.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 4

Answer: Employment conditions and transport access can combine to reduce timely use of preventive and primary care.

Employment conditions, appointment availability and transport can compound barriers. A transport-only explanation omits work and service constraints; separating employment from appointment availability misses their interaction; attributing the pattern to motivation mistakes constrained opportunity for choice.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 5

Answer: Direct more outreach time to the groups facing the greatest access barriers while monitoring whether gaps narrow.

Equity directs support according to need and checks whether gaps narrow. Population-proportional allocation ignores access need; equal visits and combined attendance can mask unequal outcomes; prioritising existing attendance can miss people unable to attend.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 6

Answer: Coordinate prevention, primary care, rehabilitation and long-term support for people living with multiple conditions.

Population ageing can increase the prevalence and complexity of chronic conditions, making coordinated care and support important. It does not justify stereotyping or replacing preventive and primary care.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 7

Answer: It can integrate prevention, referral, medicines and follow-up across providers.

Coordinated primary care supports continuity across prevention, treatment and referral. It cannot guarantee outcomes, override consent or erase the different purposes of specialist and emergency services.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 8

Answer: Asynchronous care: information is sent and reviewed at different times.

Delayed review of uploaded information is asynchronous, also called store-and-forward care. The alternatives describe live remote communication or an in-person encounter.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 9

Answer: Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being

Goal 3 directly concerns health and well-being, including prevention and access to services. Other goals can influence health, but they are not the most direct match to the stated program.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 10

Answer: Compare timely follow-up and health outcomes by relevant population group before and after implementation, while examining other changes.

Equity evaluation needs group-specific reach, follow-up and outcomes plus attention to alternative explanations. Activity counts or opinions alone cannot show that a health gap narrowed.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 11

Answer: Defer the maximal test and obtain assessment from an appropriately qualified health professional.

Unexplained exertional chest tightness requires appropriate assessment before testing. An immediate submaximal test still exposes the athlete without assessment; a longer warm-up does not establish safety; recording the symptom while completing the test leaves the concern unresolved.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 12

Answer: Specificity: the dominant movements, intensity and energy demands should resemble the performance goal.

Specificity aligns training with the targeted performance demands. Reversibility describes detraining, variety does not require unrelated work, and overload should be progressive rather than maximal in every variable.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 13

Answer: 16 L per minute

Multiplying 160 by 100 gives 16,000 mL per minute. Dividing by 1,000 converts this to 16 L per minute; the other values use incorrect volume conversions.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 14

Answer: Repeated-sprint training

repeated-sprint training is appropriate because short court sprints with incomplete recovery reproduce repeated accelerations and defensive transitions. The alternatives do not provide a safe, progressive match to the stated performance demand.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 15

Answer: Improved cardiovascular recovery associated with more efficient oxygen delivery and autonomic recovery

Improved aerobic conditioning and autonomic recovery are consistent with faster heart-rate recovery. Maximal strength alone does not explain this cardiovascular measure; reduced test intensity is a testing difference rather than the stated adaptation; anaerobic capacity without cardiovascular change does not account for the recovery finding.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 16

Answer: Coordinating hand release can direct the resultant force more consistently towards the intended target.

Coordinated release can improve the direction of the resultant force on the ball. More lateral momentum can worsen deviation; stronger unequal hand force does not address timing; footwear changes are not supported by the observed release evidence. Confirm the effect with comparable passing trials.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 17

Answer: Reduce or modify provocative load, assess function and symptoms, and progress again only when response criteria are met.

Monitoring should inform an individualised adjustment and, when needed, clinical assessment. Ignoring symptoms or following a fixed plan regardless of response can worsen risk; indefinite immobilisation is not automatically appropriate.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 18

Answer: Use pre- and post-session body mass, conditions, duration and individual tolerance to guide fluid replacement.

Sweat loss and tolerance vary with the person, environment and session. Individual monitoring can guide replacement; one fixed volume or deliberate dehydration ignores those differences.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 19

Answer: Protect a consistent opportunity for sufficient sleep and adjust late load or routines that delay sleep.

Adequate, consistent sleep supports physical recovery, attention and skill learning. Additional late intensity or caffeine can further disrupt sleep, and the effects extend beyond mood.

Section I: Objective-response questions Question 20

Answer: Check need, evidence, safety, batch-testing risk and qualified professional advice before deciding whether to use it.

Need, evidence, safety and contamination or anti-doping risk should be checked with qualified advice. Following a label dose does not establish effectiveness; multiple ingredients do not ensure a suitable benefit and may increase uncertainty; a training trial should not precede checks for contamination or health interactions.

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 21

Indicative answer: - The rotating-shift workers rate is 11 hospitalisations per 1,000 higher than the comparison rate. - The group rate is about 1.6 times the comparison rate, indicating a substantial relative difference. - The comparison is descriptive and does not identify which determinants or service factors caused the difference; additional disaggregated and longitudinal evidence is required.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 22

Indicative answer: - Irregular or insecure work can reduce the time, income security and flexibility needed to attend appointments. - Limited transport increases travel time, cost and practical difficulty in reaching services. - Standard opening hours can compound both barriers even when the total regional service count appears adequate. - Lower attendance and follow-up can delay prevention or treatment, contributing to an avoidable and unfair health difference rather than an individual-choice explanation.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 23

Indicative answer: - A larger older population can increase demand for prevention, diagnosis, ongoing treatment, rehabilitation and support. - Multimorbidity can make medicines, appointments and care goals more complex across multiple providers. - An appropriate response is earlier risk assessment and coordinated person-centred management for cardiovascular disease, linked across primary, specialist and community services. - Access, function, quality of life or a condition-specific health outcome should be monitored across diverse older people rather than treating age alone as a diagnosis.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 24

Indicative answer: - Primary care should complete risk assessment, discuss priorities with the person and coordinate the initial plan. - Relevant pathology and evidence-based preventive support should be arranged with clear explanation and consent. - Specialist referral should occur when clinically indicated, with information transferred securely in both directions. - Government funding and service planning, healthcare providers, community organisations and the individual have different but complementary responsibilities. - Follow-up reminders, accessible appointments and review of outcomes should reduce fragmentation without blaming the person for structural barriers.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 25

Indicative answer: - Telehealth and shared care information could improve continuity, convenience and timely communication for some users. - Wearable data may support monitoring but can be incomplete, inaccurate or misinterpreted outside the person's context. - Implementation requires valid consent or another lawful authority, purpose limitation, data minimisation, secure access and clear accountability. - Telephone, in-person and supported-access alternatives are needed so limited connectivity or digital confidence does not widen inequity. - Staff and users should be involved in design, with accessible explanations and a process for correcting records or withdrawing optional data sharing. - Evaluation should compare uptake, continuity, outcomes, privacy incidents and experience across population groups before scaling the program.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 26

Indicative answer: - Outreach checks and referral navigation can support Goal 3 by improving prevention, early detection and access to appropriate care. - The strategy can also advance Goal 4: Quality Education because accessible health-literacy sessions build knowledge for prevention and informed service use. - Community co-design and appropriate communication can improve relevance, trust and reach rather than treating the group as a passive recipient. - Transport support targets a structural access barrier and makes the package more equitable than information alone. - Evaluation should measure reach, completed referrals, relevant health outcomes and participant experience by population group, not just activity counts. - A supported judgement should recognise that sustained funding, workforce capacity and action on wider determinants affect whether early gains are maintained.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 27

Indicative answer: - The maximal test should be deferred because current pain and incomplete clearance indicate that the planned test may be inappropriate. - The athlete should be assessed by an appropriately qualified health professional, with the coach working within professional scope. - After clearance, suitable submaximal or function-specific baseline measures can be selected and documented before progressive training begins.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 28

Indicative answer: - repeated-sprint training is specific because short court sprints with incomplete recovery reproduce repeated accelerations and defensive transitions. - A relevant expected adaptation is better repeated-effort quality and faster phosphocreatine recovery. - Work duration, intensity and recovery should be prescribed from baseline capacity and progressed rather than copied from another athlete. - Performance, session rating of perceived exertion and symptoms should be monitored so the method remains effective without compromising recovery or rehabilitation.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 29

Indicative answer: - The chart shows a large load rise alongside greater intensity, so several training variables have increased together. - Reduced recovery alongside increasing load raises concern that demands may exceed individual capacity and produce excessive fatigue, poorer performance or symptoms; the percentage alone does not prove injury risk. - The next block should reduce or hold one or more load variables, restore planned recovery and then progress in smaller evidence-informed steps. - The coach should monitor symptoms, wellness, session rating of perceived exertion, performance and technique quality and adjust the plan to the athlete's response.

Detailed marking criteria

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 30

Indicative answer: - increasing controlled hip, knee and ankle flexion extends deceleration time and improves force absorption - The observed position or timing changes the direction, duration or efficiency of force application in the named sport action. - Fatigue may impair coordination and timing, so the observed association should be checked across repeated trials rather than assumed to have one cause. - use video feedback and low-to-high single-leg landing progressions before adding reactive rebounds - Reassess the same biomechanical measures under comparable conditions before progressing speed, load or complexity.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 31

Indicative answer: - Begin from current clinical and functional findings rather than time since injury alone, with communication among the athlete, coach and relevant health professionals. - Restore required range of motion, strength and control using progressive exercise matched to the injured tissue and sport demands. - Introduce sport-specific skills from predictable low-load practice toward greater speed, fatigue, contact or decision complexity as appropriate. - Use objective measures, symptoms during and after loading, and athlete confidence to decide whether each stage is tolerated. - Return to unrestricted performance only when agreed functional and sport-specific criteria are met, while continuing risk-reduction work. - The plan should be adjusted if pain, swelling, function or confidence worsens and should not promise that recurrence can be eliminated.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section II: Short-answer questions Question 32

Indicative answer: - Regular carbohydrate and protein intake should be matched to training and recovery needs rather than routinely skipping post-session food. - Hydration should be individualised using session conditions, sweat loss, access and tolerance instead of a universal volume. - The unverified supplement should not be used without assessing need, evidence, safety, contamination or anti-doping risk and qualified advice. - A consistent opportunity for sufficient sleep and reduced late caffeine should be prioritised because sleep supports physical recovery, mood and learning. - Training load, signs of illness, mood and performance should be reviewed, with recovery or professional support increased where indicated. - The best plan is individualised, feasible and monitored; supplements cannot compensate for inadequate fuelling, sleep or inappropriate load.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section III: Extended-response questions Question 33

Indicative answer: - The data indicate several priorities, including the 27-point screening gap, but prevalence figures alone do not establish individual causes. - The pattern for rotating-shift workers should be interpreted through interacting social, economic, cultural, environmental and service-access determinants. - An app can provide timely tailored information and links for connected users, but information alone is unlikely to remove transport, cost, opening-hour or trust barriers. - Digital implementation requires accessible design, privacy protection, data minimisation, valid authority and non-digital alternatives. - The strategy should combine co-designed communication with accessible prevention, screening, referral navigation and continuity of care. - Transport assistance, outreach or flexible service hours should directly address identified structural barriers. - Government, healthcare providers, community organisations and individuals have complementary responsibilities. - Goal 3 is advanced through prevention, early detection and access to quality services. - Action can also support Goal 4: Quality Education because accessible health-literacy sessions build knowledge for prevention and informed service use. - Implementation should be staged with workforce capacity, sustained funding, cultural safety and community governance considered. - Evaluation should compare reach, completed referrals, health outcomes, privacy incidents and experience across groups before and after implementation. - A justified conclusion should favour integrated action while acknowledging uncertainty and unintended effects.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands

Section III: Extended-response questions Question 34

Indicative answer: - The strength gain is useful evidence of adaptation but does not establish improvement in repeated acceleration or passing under fatigue. - Sprint time deteriorates by 0.28 seconds across the test, while passing accuracy falls by 20 percentage points from fresh to fatigued conditions. - Unchanged court tests after the block suggest limited transfer, provided test conditions and measurement quality are comparable. - Long steady running can support aerobic capacity, but it does not reproduce repeated accelerations, recovery intervals or netball decisions by itself. - Retain an appropriate resistance stimulus while adding high-quality netball-specific acceleration and repeated-effort work with justified work and recovery intervals. - Introduce representative passing and decision tasks under progressively increased demand without allowing persistent technical breakdown to define the practice. - Movement observation should investigate acceleration force application and passing timing or direction; the stimulus does not establish a particular technical fault. - Separate demanding court and gym work where needed, and progress repetitions, intensity or recovery demands according to the athlete's response rather than merely double volume. - Rehearse tournament density and role demands while managing accumulated fatigue and retaining recovery opportunities between key sessions. - Repeat sprint and fresh-versus-fatigued passing tests under consistent conditions alongside session effort, recovery and the athlete's account. - Success should include less repeated-effort deterioration and better passing under representative fatigue, not a further strength gain alone. - A qualified recommendation preserves the useful strength adaptation while testing specific transfer; neither the current scores nor a redesigned plan guarantees tournament success.

Question-specific Skill Align practice marking approach

Read the response as a whole and select the best-fitting band. Indicative content is non-exhaustive, and no one listed point guarantees a particular mark.

Holistic marking bands