Skill Align ACT BSSS Physics T - Free Online Pack 0
An independently authored school-style assessment with worked answers and question-specific marking guidance.
- Paper
- Integrated practice assessment
- Reading
- Teacher-set
- Writing
- Suggested 120 minutes
- Assessment
- 100 marks
No centrally prescribed ACT BSSS examination formula sheet is claimed. Required numerical constants and formulae beyond the mapped Physics T course relationships are supplied in the relevant question.
Part A - Multiple choice
Questions 1 to 15 (15 marks). Select the best answer for each question.
Question 1
1 mark- 6.25 N kg^-1
- 9.80 N kg^-1
- 3.13 N kg^-1
- 50.0 N kg^-1
Question 2
1 mark- Each accelerates directly towards the other.
- Each accelerates directly away from the other.
- Only the larger charge accelerates.
- Neither charge accelerates because the forces cancel.
Question 3
1 mark- 0.0500 N
- 0.800 N
- 0.200 N
- 1.25 N
Question 4
1 mark- 2.00 V
- 120 V
- 2880 V
- 20.0 V
Question 5
1 mark- 10.0 microseconds
- 6.40 microseconds
- 8.00 microseconds
- 12.5 microseconds
Question 6
1 mark- 1.68 × 10^3 K
- 5.00 × 10^3 K
- 2.00 × 10^4 K
- 5.00 × 10^6 K
Question 7
1 mark- Electrons are emitted with greater maximum kinetic energy.
- Electrons are emitted after a longer delay.
- No electrons are emitted because each photon still has insufficient energy.
- The threshold frequency decreases.
Question 8
1 mark- udd
- u anti-d
- ddd
- uud
Question 9
1 mark- 2.0%
- 0.02%
- 1.0%
- 50%
Question 10
1 mark- A result is unpopular with the public.
- Repeated high-quality measurements disagree with a prediction outside their uncertainty.
- A single uncontrolled trial gives a different value.
- A newer model uses more equations.
Question 11
1 mark- 0.0750 V
- 3.00 V
- 7.50 V
- 150 V
Question 12
1 mark- The electric and magnetic fields are parallel.
- Both fields are parallel to propagation.
- Only the electric field oscillates.
- All three directions are mutually perpendicular.
Question 13
1 mark- 1.80 × 10^5 J
- 6.00 × 10^-4 J
- 1.80 × 10^-4 J
- 9.00 × 10^28 J
Question 14
1 mark- Vertically downward
- Vertically upward
- East
- North
Question 15
1 mark- Its vertical velocity component
- Its speed
- Its horizontal velocity component
- Its displacement from the launch point
Part B - Short answer
Questions 16 and 17 (20 marks). Show working and communicate the relevant physical reasoning.
Question 16
10 marksAn imaging satellite of mass 420 kg travels in a circular orbit 400 km above Earth. Use R_E = 6.37 × 10^6 m, M_E = 5.97 × 10^24 kg and G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m^2 kg^-2.
Question 17
10 marksA muon has a proper mean lifetime of 2.20 microseconds. In the laboratory it travels at 0.980c from the upper atmosphere towards a detector. Use c = 3.00 × 10^8 m s^-1.
Part C - Data analysis
Question 18 (20 marks). Analyse the supplied evidence and justify conclusions.
Question 18
20 marksA student measures maximum photoelectron kinetic energy for a metal. The data are 0.277, 0.691, 1.105 and 1.519 eV at frequencies 5.50, 6.50, 7.50 and 8.50 × 10^14 Hz respectively. Use 1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J.
Part D - Practical skills
Question 19 (20 marks). Apply science inquiry skills to the investigation.
Question 19
20 marksA 0.150 m horizontal wire segment lies perpendicular to a nominally uniform magnetic field. Measured forces for currents 0, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00 and 5.00 A are 0, 0.0121, 0.0240, 0.0362, 0.0479 and 0.0601 N.
Part E - Extended response
Question 20 (25 marks). Integrate concepts, evidence, context and justified evaluation.
Question 20
25 marksA Canberra research consortium proposes a compact proton accelerator for detector research and medical-isotope development. During one non-relativistic test, protons enter a 0.800 T field at 1.50 × 10^7 m s^-1 perpendicular to the field. Use m_p = 1.67 × 10^-27 kg and q_p = 1.60 × 10^-19 C, c = 3.00 × 10^8 m s^-1 and 1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J.
Worked Solutions And Marking Guide
General marking principles
- Apply each question-specific criterion to the evidence shown; accept equivalent scientifically correct reasoning.
- Carry forward an earlier numerical error when later physics is internally consistent, unless a later criterion independently assesses the same step.
- Use the task-specific evidence as an analytic guide while making a coherent judgement across Concepts, Models and Applications, Contexts, and Inquiry Skills.
- Do not penalise a missing unit more than once in a linked calculation unless units are separately assessed.
Question 1
Answer: 6.25 N kg^-1
g = GM/r^2 = (6.67 × 10^-11)(6.00 × 10^24)/(8.00 × 10^6)^2 = 6.25 N kg^-1.
Question 2
Answer: Each accelerates directly away from the other.
Like charges repel; the forces are equal and opposite, but each charge can accelerate according to its own mass.
Question 3
Answer: 0.200 N
F = BIl = 0.400 × 2.00 × 0.250 = 0.200 N.
Question 4
Answer: 20.0 V
V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p, so V_s = 240(50/600) = 20.0 V.
Question 5
Answer: 10.0 microseconds
At 0.600c, gamma = 1.25, so t = gamma t0 = 10.0 microseconds.
Question 6
Answer: 5.00 × 10^3 K
T = b/lambda_max = 2.90 × 10^-3/(580 × 10^-9) = 5.00 × 10^3 K.
Question 7
Answer: No electrons are emitted because each photon still has insufficient energy.
Increasing intensity increases photon rate, not energy per photon; hf remains below the work function.
Question 8
Answer: uud
Two up quarks and one down quark have charge 2/3 + 2/3 - 1/3 = +1 and form a baryon.
Question 9
Answer: 2.0%
Percentage uncertainty = (1.0/50.0) × 100% = 2.0%.
Question 10
Answer: Repeated high-quality measurements disagree with a prediction outside their uncertainty.
Models are refined when reliable evidence challenges their predictions or another model has greater explanatory power.
Question 11
Answer: 7.50 V
|emf| = N|Delta phi|/Delta t = 50(0.00300)/0.0200 = 7.50 V.
Question 12
Answer: All three directions are mutually perpendicular.
An electromagnetic wave is transverse: E and B are perpendicular to each other and to propagation.
Question 13
Answer: 1.80 × 10^5 J
Delta E = Delta mc^2 = 2.00 × 10^-12(3.00 × 10^8)^2 = 1.80 × 10^5 J.
Question 14
Answer: Vertically upward
For a positive charge, v cross B gives east cross north, which is vertically upward.
Question 15
Answer: Its horizontal velocity component
With no horizontal force, horizontal acceleration is zero, while gravity changes the vertical component.
Question 16
(a) The orbital radius is 6.77 × 10^6 m. Thus g = GM/r^2 = 8.69 N kg^-1.
(b) v = sqrt(GM/r) = 7.67 × 10^3 m s^-1. T = 2πr/v = 5.55 × 10^3 s, about 92.5 min.
(c) Its velocity direction changes continuously. Gravity provides an inward acceleration v^2/r perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity, changing direction but not speed.
(d) The satellite gains gravitational potential energy because work is done against the field. Its final circular-orbit speed is lower because v = sqrt(GM/r) decreases as radius increases.
Detailed marking criteria
Part a (1 mark)
Converts the altitude to an orbital radius of 6.77 × 10^6 m.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
Calculates the field strength as 8.69 N kg^-1.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Equates gravitational and centripetal acceleration to obtain orbital speed.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Calculates an orbital speed of 7.67 × 10^3 m s^-1.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Calculates a period of 5.55 × 10^3 s or 92.5 minutes.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Distinguishes constant speed from changing velocity direction.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Identifies gravity as the inward centripetal interaction.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
States that gravitational potential energy increases in the higher orbit.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (2 marks)
States and justifies that the final circular-orbit speed is lower.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Question 17
(a) The laws of physics have the same form in every inertial frame, and the speed of light in vacuum has the same value c for every inertial observer regardless of source or observer motion.
(b) gamma = 1/sqrt(1 - 0.980^2) = 5.03. Therefore t = gamma t0 = 11.1 microseconds.
(c) The relativistic mean distance is 0.980c(11.1 microseconds) = 3.26 km. The Newtonian estimate is 0.980c(2.20 microseconds) = 0.647 km.
(d) Without time dilation, far fewer muons should survive the atmospheric path. A survival rate consistent with the dilated laboratory lifetime and inconsistent with the Newtonian prediction supports the relativistic model.
Detailed marking criteria
Part a (1 mark)
States the equivalence of the laws of physics in all inertial frames.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
States the invariant vacuum speed of light for inertial observers.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Calculates a Lorentz factor of approximately 5.03.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Calculates the laboratory lifetime as approximately 11.1 microseconds.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Calculates a relativistic mean distance of approximately 3.26 km.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Calculates a Newtonian estimate of approximately 0.647 km.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Makes the required comparison between the two distances.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Links the Newtonian lifetime with a much smaller predicted survival distance.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (2 marks)
Uses agreement between observed survival and time-dilation prediction as evidence for special relativity.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Question 18
(a) Einstein's equation is E_k,max = hf - W. Therefore E_k,max is the dependent variable and frequency is the independent variable; the graph should be linear with gradient h and negative intercept -W.
(b) The gradient is (1.519 - 0.277)/(3.00 × 10^14) = 4.14 × 10^-15 eV s. Multiplying by 1.60 × 10^-19 J eV^-1 gives 6.62 × 10^-34 J s.
(c) Using any point, W = hf - E_k = 2.00 eV. The threshold frequency is W/h = 4.83 × 10^14 Hz.
(d) Maximum kinetic energy remains 1.105 eV because photon energy is unchanged. Photocurrent increases because more photons, and hence more emitted electrons, arrive per second.
(e) A contact-potential or voltmeter zero offset shifts all stopping-potential values and therefore biases the intercept. Measure the zero response with no accelerating light or use a reference metal, then subtract the signed offset.
Detailed marking criteria
Part a (1 mark)
Identifies frequency as the independent variable and kinetic energy as dependent.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
Predicts a linear relationship from the photoelectric equation.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
Identifies the gradient as Planck's constant and the intercept as negative work function.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Uses two well-separated points to obtain the graph gradient.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Handles the 10^14 frequency scale to obtain 4.14 × 10^-15 eV s.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (2 marks)
Converts the gradient to approximately 6.62 × 10^-34 J s.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (2 marks)
Determines the work function as approximately 2.00 eV.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (2 marks)
Calculates or extrapolates the threshold frequency as approximately 4.83 × 10^14 Hz.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Predicts unchanged maximum kinetic energy at fixed frequency.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Predicts increased photocurrent from the greater photon arrival rate.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (2 marks)
Justifies both predictions using the one-photon-one-electron model.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Identifies a plausible systematic offset affecting every energy measurement.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Explains that the offset biases the intercept and inferred work function.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Proposes a relevant reference, zero check or signed correction.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (2 marks)
Explains how the proposed check distinguishes systematic bias from random scatter.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Question 19
(a) Hypothesis: for fixed field and perpendicular active length, force is directly proportional to current. Independent: current. Dependent: force. Controls include active wire length, wire angle, field position/strength and balance orientation.
(b) Zero the balance with current off; centre the same measured wire length in the field; increase current through several measured values; wait for a stable reading; record signed force; reverse current to check direction; repeat and average. Limit current-on time because the wire can heat.
(c) The best-fit gradient is about 0.0120 N A^-1. Since gradient = Bl for a perpendicular wire, B = 0.0120/0.150 = 0.0800 T.
(d) The force increases linearly with current, the points lie close to a straight line and the intercept is near zero. The evidence supports direct proportionality within the measurement scatter.
(e) The field may be non-uniform across the wire, so a single B value is an average. Map B along the active length with a calibrated Hall probe and use only a central uniform region, or integrate the measured field profile.
Detailed marking criteria
Part a (1 mark)
States a directional hypothesis that force is proportional to current.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
Correctly identifies current as independent and force as dependent.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (2 marks)
Identifies two relevant controlled variables for the magnetic-force test.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Includes zeroing and a consistent active wire position and length.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Uses measured current values and stable signed force readings.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Includes repeats and averaging across an adequate current range.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Uses current reversal or an equivalent direction check.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Controls wire heating with a justified electrical-safety precaution.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Determines a best-fit gradient near 0.0120 N A^-1.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Relates the gradient to magnetic flux density multiplied by active length.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (2 marks)
Calculates the magnetic flux density as approximately 0.0800 T.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Uses the approximately constant force-current ratio or straight-line trend.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Uses the near-zero intercept as evidence for proportionality.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Qualifies the conclusion with measurement scatter or uncertainty.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Identifies field non-uniformity or another context-specific limitation.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Explains how the limitation biases or broadens the inferred field value.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Proposes a feasible measurement or control improvement.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Justifies how the improvement increases validity rather than only adding repeats.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Question 20
(a) For a positive charge, v cross B points upward. The force remains perpendicular to velocity, so it changes direction without doing work and produces a circular path while the proton remains in the field.
(b) r = mv/(qB) = 0.196 m. F = qvB = 1.92 × 10^-12 N.
(c) K = 0.5mv^2 = 1.88 × 10^-13 J = 1.17 × 10^6 eV. Since v = 0.050c and gamma is approximately 1.001, the Newtonian result is an appropriate approximation.
(d) Greater collision energy can create short-lived particles and expose rare interactions predicted by the Standard Model. Multiple detectors and independent analysis groups check calibration, background modelling and statistical significance, reducing the chance that an instrument effect or analysis choice is mistaken for new physics.
(e) A local accelerator could train researchers, test detectors and produce short-lived isotopes without long transport delays, improving research capability and potentially patient access. The case depends on demonstrated demand, realistic operating uptime and collaboration rather than duplicating existing facilities. Capital and staffing costs, electricity use, shielding, activation products, radioactive targets and equitable allocation of public funds require whole-of-life assessment. A staged decision should compare audited demand and transport-loss data, dose and waste modelling, independent safety review, community consultation and alternative partnerships. Proceeding is justified only if those data show benefits that exceed the financial and radiological risks under enforceable governance and monitoring.
Detailed marking criteria
Part a (1 mark)
Uses the positive-charge right-hand rule to identify the initial upward force.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (1 mark)
States that magnetic force remains perpendicular to velocity.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part a (2 marks)
Explains why the perpendicular force produces circular motion without changing speed.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Equates magnetic force with the required centripetal force.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (2 marks)
Calculates an orbit radius of approximately 0.196 m.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part b (1 mark)
Calculates the magnetic-force magnitude as 1.92 × 10^-12 N.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (2 marks)
Calculates the kinetic energy as approximately 1.88 × 10^-13 J.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Converts the energy to approximately 1.17 MeV.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part c (1 mark)
Compares the speed with c or evaluates gamma to justify the approximation.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Links higher collision energy with production or detection of short-lived particles.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Links observed interaction rates or products with Standard Model predictions.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Explains a role for detector calibration or background modelling.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part d (1 mark)
Explains how independent replication and analysis strengthen the evidential claim.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Explains a concrete research or workforce-development benefit.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Explains a medical-isotope, transport-time or patient-access benefit.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Identifies capital, staffing or opportunity cost.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Identifies a radiation, activation-product or waste-management risk.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Considers energy use, environmental effect, equity or another wider community constraint.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Specifies relevant local demand, reliability or alternative-facility evidence.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Requires independent safety assessment, monitoring or transparent governance.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Weighs the identified benefits against at least two limitations.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Part e (1 mark)
Gives a conditional, evidence-based recommendation consistent with the evaluation.
Acceptable alternatives: Accept equivalent scientifically accurate reasoning or working applied to the supplied context.
Diagnostic Checklist
| Topic | Questions | Marks | Marks Lost | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electric and magnetic fields | Q12, Q14, Q2, Q20, Q3 | 12 | ___ | Review electric and magnetic fields, force directions, current-produced fields and electromagnetic waves. |
| Electromagnetic induction | Q11, Q4 | 2 | ___ | Review flux, Faraday and Lenz laws, generators, motors and ideal transformers. |
| Gravity and motion | Q1, Q15, Q16 | 12 | ___ | Review gravitational fields, projectile and circular motion, orbital relationships and energy transfer. |
| Quantum theory | Q18, Q6, Q7 | 10 | ___ | Review photons, black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, atomic spectra and matter waves. |
| Science as a Human Endeavour | Q10, Q20 | 10 | ___ | Review model development, collaboration, benefits, risks and evidence-informed public decisions. |
| Science inquiry skills | Q18, Q19, Q9 | 33 | ___ | Review experimental design, data representation, uncertainty, validity and evidence-based conclusions. |
| Special relativity | Q13, Q17, Q20, Q5 | 16 | ___ | Review inertial frames, the two postulates, relativistic measurements, momentum and mass-energy equivalence. |
| The Standard Model | Q20, Q8 | 5 | ___ | Review particles, gauge bosons, quark composition, conservation laws and accelerator evidence. |