| Physics | 1. Linear Motion and Forces • Use displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion, motion graphs, forces, Newton's laws, friction, free-body diagrams, and linear-motion experimental analysis.• For harder questions, include motion graphs, force diagrams, multi-step calculations, experimental data, uncertainty, and model assumptions.2. Energy and Momentum • Use momentum, impulse, conservation of momentum, work, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy, power, efficiency, and energy transfer in dynamic systems.• For harder questions, include collision/impulse scenarios, energy graphs, multi-step energy/momentum calculations, and evaluating conservation assumptions.3. Thermal Physics • Use thermal energy, temperature, heat transfer, specific heat capacity, energy conservation in heating/cooling, and thermal energy transformations at SACE Stage 1 level.• For harder questions, include heating/cooling data, energy calculations, graph interpretation, experimental uncertainty, and comparing thermal models.4. Waves and Sound • Use transverse and longitudinal waves, sound, wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, wave speed, reflection, refraction, superposition, interference, standing waves, resonance, and energy transfer by waves.• For harder questions, include wave diagrams, wave graphs, wave-speed calculations, interference/resonance reasoning, experimental data, and graph interpretation.5. Electricity and Circuits • Use electric charge, current, potential difference, resistance, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, electrical power, electrical energy, and practical circuit behaviour.• For harder questions, include circuit diagrams, I-V graphs, multi-step power/energy calculations, experimental circuit data, uncertainty, and evaluating circuit behaviour.6. Science Inquiry Skills • Use SACE Physics science inquiry skills: research question, hypothesis, variables, risk, method design, data collection, uncertainty, graphing, analysis, conclusion, validity, reliability, and improvements.• For harder questions, include experimental scenarios, interpreting uncertainty, judging method validity, identifying limitations, improving investigations, and evidence-based conclusions. | 1. Projectile Motion, Circular Motion and Gravitation • Use projectile motion, force and momentum in two dimensions, circular motion, centripetal force, gravitational fields, orbital motion, energy in gravitational fields, and related motion modelling.• For harder questions, include vector components, force diagrams, orbital calculations, energy/momentum reasoning, graph interpretation, experimental data, and model assumptions.2. Special Relativity • Use inertial frames, postulates of special relativity, time dilation, length contraction, simultaneity where appropriate, relativistic effects, and mass-energy equivalence at SACE Stage 2 level.• For harder questions, include relativity calculations, interpreting scenarios from different frames, graph/table data, conceptual model comparison, and avoiding university-level derivations.3. Electric Fields and Charged Particles • Use electric fields, electric field strength, force on charged particles, electric potential and energy where appropriate, charged-particle motion in electric fields, and field diagrams.• For harder questions, include field diagrams, charged-particle paths, force/energy reasoning, multi-step electric-field calculations, and practical applications.4. Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Induction • Use magnetic fields, force on charges and current-carrying conductors, motion of charged particles in magnetic fields, motors, generators, electromagnetic induction, induced emf/current, and electromagnetic systems.• For harder questions, include motor/generator diagrams, magnetic-field diagrams, charged-particle paths, induced-current reasoning, multi-step electromagnetic calculations, and system evaluation.5. Wave Behaviour of Light • Use wave behaviour of light, reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarisation where appropriate, evidence for wave models, and optical/experimental contexts.• For harder questions, include interference/diffraction diagrams, wave calculations, evidence comparison, graph/data interpretation, and model evaluation.6. Quantum Theory and Atoms • Use photons, photoelectric effect, wave-particle duality, atomic energy levels, emission/absorption spectra, nuclear structure where appropriate, particle/Standard Model ideas at syllabus level, and evidence for modern atomic models.• For harder questions, include photoelectric-effect graphs, photon-energy calculations, spectra interpretation, model comparison, particle classification, evidence evaluation, and unfamiliar experimental contexts.7. Science Inquiry Skills • Use SACE Physics science inquiry skills related to motion, electricity, magnetism, light or atoms: analysing primary or secondary data, uncertainty, source evaluation, model evaluation, graphing, conclusion validity, reliability, limitations, and improvements.• For harder questions, include secondary data, competing claims, source limitations, evidence comparison, model evaluation, and evidence-based conclusions. |
