| English | 1. Responding to Texts • Use response to literary, media, everyday, visual, spoken, multimodal and digital texts. Focus on purpose, audience, context, ideas, perspectives, representation, language choices, structure and evidence.• For harder questions, use short unfamiliar extracts and ask students to analyse how textual choices shape meaning or audience response.2. Creating Texts • Use creation of imaginative, persuasive, informative, reflective or analytical texts for audience, purpose and context. Focus on voice, tone, form, structure, language choices and editing.• For harder questions, ask students to identify effective writing choices, improve a short passage, or justify how a text is shaped for audience and purpose.3. Intertextual Study • Use connections between texts, context, perspective, representation, values, audience and purpose. Focus on how texts echo, contrast, adapt or challenge ideas and assumptions.• For harder questions, ask students to compare how two texts represent a shared idea, issue, group or perspective. | 1. Responding to Texts • Use close response to texts, including ideas, perspectives, values, language, structure, style, genre, audience, purpose, context and evidence.• For harder questions, require precise evidence selection, close analysis of language and structure, or evaluation of a response to a text.2. Creating Texts • Use text creation for different purposes, audiences and contexts. Focus on form, voice, tone, style, structure, language features, control, drafting and refinement.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate compositional choices or improve a text for a specified audience and purpose.3. Comparative Analysis • Use comparison of texts, representations, ideas, values, language, structure, context, purpose and audience positioning.• For harder questions, ask students to compare how different texts shape similar ideas or values through different textual choices. |
| Essential English | 1. Responding to Texts • Use practical comprehension and response to everyday, community, workplace, media, digital and multimodal texts. Focus on purpose, audience, main ideas, tone, structure and meaning.• For harder questions within Essential English, ask students to infer purpose, identify effective wording, or select evidence from a practical text.2. Creating Texts • Use practical text creation for personal, social, cultural, community and workplace contexts. Focus on audience, purpose, form, structure, layout, tone, clarity and editing.• For harder questions, ask students to improve a workplace/community text or select the best wording for audience and purpose.3. Language and Community • Use everyday communication, community contexts, workplace interactions, media messages, language choices, representation and practical communication goals.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate communication strategies or identify how a text addresses a community or workplace need. | 1. Responding to Texts • Use response to texts in personal, social, cultural, community and/or workplace contexts. Focus on information, ideas, perspectives, language choices, purpose, audience and context.• For harder questions within Essential English, use short real-world stimuli and ask students to identify purpose, viewpoint, tone or effective language choices.2. Creating Texts • Use creation of texts in and for personal, social, cultural, community and/or workplace contexts. Focus on clarity, audience, purpose, form, structure, tone, language choices and editing.• For harder questions, ask students to improve a practical text or select a more effective communication strategy.3. Communication in Context • Use communication in practical personal, social, community and workplace contexts, including digital, visual and multimodal texts.• For harder questions, ask students to adapt a text for a new audience, context or communication goal. |
| English Literary Studies | 1. Reading Literary Texts • Use close reading of novels, drama, poetry, film and other literary texts. Focus on language, form, structure, imagery, symbolism, voice, perspective, character, theme and interpretation.• For harder questions, ask students to analyse how specific literary choices shape meaning or invite different readings.2. Responding to Literary Texts • Use analytical literary responses, textual evidence, interpretation, structure, argument, context, values and literary judgement.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate an interpretation, select stronger evidence or improve an analytical response.3. Creating Literary Texts • Use creation of literary texts, voice, style, form, genre, structure, imagery, symbolism, perspective and reflective commentary.• For harder questions, ask students to identify effective creative choices or explain how a created text uses literary conventions. | 1. Responding to Texts • Use critical response to literary texts, including culture, identity, context, author, audience, form, structure, language, values and textual evidence.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate an interpretation, analyse complex literary choices, or select precise textual evidence.2. Creating Texts • Use creation of literary or related texts, form, voice, style, perspective, audience, purpose, context, language choices and reflective explanation.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate creative decisions or identify how a text uses literary conventions.3. Comparative Text Study • Use comparison of literary texts, ideas, values, perspectives, context, form, language and interpretation.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate how two texts represent culture, identity or values differently.4. Critical Reading • Use close analysis of short literary extracts, language, form, structure, style, imagery, voice, perspective, and implied meanings.• For harder questions, use unfamiliar literary extracts and ask students to identify subtle textual choices or evaluate interpretations. |
| English as an Additional Language | 1. Language, Culture and Context • Use purpose, audience, context, culture, identity, language choices, familiar and academic contexts, and respectful cultural communication for EAL learners.• For harder questions, ask students to explain how language choices reflect audience, purpose and cultural context.2. Responding to Texts • Use interpretation of texts, main ideas, perspectives, language features, structure, purpose, audience and evidence, with EAL-appropriate support.• For harder questions, use short accessible senior texts and ask students to infer meaning, tone, purpose or audience positioning.3. Creating Texts • Use everyday and academic communication, text creation, vocabulary, grammar, structure, register, cohesion, audience and purpose for EAL learners.• For harder questions, ask students to improve expression, choose precise vocabulary, or adapt tone for a context. | 1. Academic Literacy Study • Use academic literacy, research, source evaluation, interpretation of information, academic language, evidence, synthesis, structure, and clear communication for EAL learners.• For harder questions, ask students to evaluate source usefulness, refine an academic claim, or improve clarity and cohesion.2. Responses to Texts • Use response to written, spoken, visual, multimodal and digital texts, including ideas, perspectives, context, language choices, structure, tone, audience and purpose.• For harder questions, use short stimuli and ask students to explain language choices, viewpoints, or how texts position audiences.3. Creating Texts • Use creation of texts for different purposes, audiences and contexts, with focus on structure, vocabulary, grammar, register, cohesion, clarity, and editing.• For harder questions, ask students to improve a short text, choose precise wording, or adapt a response for a different purpose. |