| Physics | 1. Heating Processes • Use temperature, thermal energy, heat transfer, conduction, convection, radiation, specific heat capacity, energy conservation, heating/cooling data, and thermodynamic reasoning at QCE Unit 1 level.• For harder questions, include heating/cooling graphs, multi-step energy calculations, experimental data, uncertainty, assumptions, and interpreting thermal models.2. Ionising Radiation and Nuclear Reactions • Use atomic and nuclear structure, ionising radiation, alpha/beta/gamma radiation, nuclear reactions, half-life, activity, radiation safety, fission/fusion contexts where appropriate, and applications of nuclear physics.• For harder questions, include decay graphs, half-life calculations, nuclear equations, radiation penetration/shielding reasoning, risk-benefit analysis, and experimental data interpretation.3. Electrical Circuits • Use charge, current, potential difference, resistance, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, electrical power, energy, circuit diagrams, and practical electrical systems.• For harder questions, include circuit diagrams, I-V graphs, multi-step power/energy calculations, experimental circuit data, uncertainty, and evaluating circuit behaviour.4. Data Test and Working Scientifically • Use QCE Physics data-test and working-scientifically skills: analysing experimental data, uncertainty, graphing, identifying trends, evaluating methods, interpreting evidence, and drawing justified conclusions.• For harder questions, include unfamiliar data sets, uncertainty or error analysis, graph interpretation, method evaluation, limitations, and evidence-based conclusions. | 1. Linear Motion and Force • Use displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion, motion graphs, forces, Newton's laws, friction, momentum where appropriate, and linear-motion experimental analysis.• For harder questions, include motion graphs, force diagrams, multi-step calculations, experimental data, uncertainty, and model assumptions.2. Waves • Use wave properties, wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, wave speed, transverse and longitudinal waves, sound, reflection, refraction, diffraction, superposition, interference, and energy transfer by waves.• For harder questions, include wave diagrams, wave graphs, wave-speed calculations, interference reasoning, unfamiliar wave scenarios, experimental data, and graph interpretation.3. Student Experiment and Working Scientifically • Use QCE Physics student-experiment skills: research question, hypothesis, variables, risk, method design, data collection, uncertainty, graphing, analysis, conclusion, validity, reliability, and improvements.• For harder questions, include experimental scenarios, judging method validity, interpreting uncertainty, identifying limitations, improving investigations, and evidence-based conclusions. | 1. Gravity and Motion • Use projectile motion, circular motion, gravitational fields, universal gravitation, orbital motion, satellites, energy in gravitational fields, and multi-step gravity/motion reasoning.• For harder questions, include vector components, force diagrams, orbital calculations, gravitational-field graphs, energy reasoning, uncertainty, and model assumptions.2. Electromagnetism • Use electric fields, magnetic fields, forces on charges and current-carrying conductors, motors, generators, electromagnetic induction, transformers, power transmission, and electromagnetic systems.• For harder questions, include field diagrams, motor/generator diagrams, induced-current reasoning, multi-step electromagnetic calculations, power-loss analysis, and practical system evaluation.3. Student Experiment and Working Scientifically • Use QCE Physics Unit 3 student-experiment skills: developing research questions, modifying experiments, controlling variables, analysing data, uncertainty, validity, reliability, limitations, and evidence-based conclusions.• For harder questions, include IA2-style experiment scenarios, uncertainty bars, graph analysis, method critique, data interpretation, and improvements. | 1. Special Relativity • Use inertial frames, postulates of special relativity, time dilation, length contraction, simultaneity where appropriate, relativistic effects, and mass-energy equivalence at QCE senior level.• For harder questions, include relativity calculations, interpreting scenarios from different frames, graph/table data, conceptual model comparison, and avoiding university-level derivations.2. Quantum Theory • Use photons, photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation, atomic spectra, energy levels, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality, and evidence for quantum models at QCE level.• For harder questions, include photoelectric-effect graphs, photon-energy calculations, spectra interpretation, model comparison, evidence evaluation, and unfamiliar experimental contexts.3. The Standard Model • Use elementary particles, quarks, leptons, bosons, fundamental interactions, conservation laws at syllabus level, particle interactions, and evidence for the Standard Model.• For harder questions, include particle classification, interaction diagrams, conservation reasoning, evidence-based model evaluation, and bounded conceptual interpretation.4. Research Investigation and Working Scientifically • Use QCE Physics research-investigation skills: analysing secondary sources, evaluating evidence, identifying claims, comparing models, judging credibility, synthesising information, and communicating a justified conclusion.• For harder questions, include research-style prompts, secondary data, competing claims, source limitations, model evaluation, and evidence-based reasoning. |
